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Tuesday, 9 July 2013

NAINITAL,KUMAUN,UTTRAKHAND




Nainital is a glittering jewel in the Himalyan necklace, blessed with scenic natural spledour and varied natural resources . Dotted with lakes , Nainital has earned the epithet of ' Lake District ' of India . The most prominent of the lakes is Naini lake ringed by hills . Nainital has a varied topography . Some of the important places in the district are Nainital , Haldwani , Kaladhungi , Ramnagar , Bhowali , Ramgarh , Mukteshwar , Bhimtal , Sattal and Naukuchiatal . Nainital’s unending expense of scenic beauty is nothing short of a romance with awe-inspiring and pristine Mother nature.
Nainital is headquarter of Nainital District. It is also divisional Headquarter of Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand State.  





History
Nainital is referred to in the ‘Manas Khand’ of the ‘Skanda Purana’ as the Tri-Rishi-Sarovar,the lake of the three sages ,Atri,Pulastya and Pulaha who were reputed to have arrived here on a penitential piligrimage, and, finding no water to quench their thirst dug a hole and siphoned water into it from Mansarovar the sacred lake in Tibet.

The Second important mythological reference to Nainital is as one of 64 ‘Shakti Peeths’.These centres were created wherever parts of charred body of Sati fell ,when Lord Shiva was carrying around her corpse in grief .It is said that the left eye (Nain) of Sati fell here and this gave rise to patron deity of town Nainital . It is said that the lake is formed in the emerald eye shape . Naina Devi temple is located at the northern end of the lake . Thus name of Nainital derivated from Naina and the tal (Lake).

British Settlement

The british occupied Kumaon & Garhwal in 1815 .After the British Occupation ,E. Gardiner was appointed as the commissioner of Kumaun Division on May’8th 1815 .In 1817 the second commissioner of Kumaun Mr. G.W. Traill has conducted the second revenue settlement of Kumaun , Mr. Traill was the first European to visit Nainital but he did not popularize his visit in respect for the religious sanctity of the place.
In the year 1839 an English businessman from Rosa , Mr. P. Barron a sugar trader and his friend an avid hunter strayed into the hills while hunting they got lost and while finding there way back chanced on the wondrous spot. So enamored was Barron with the vision of the placid lake that he left the sugar business and build a European Colony on shores of the lake .In 1841, Nainital appeared in issue of the ‘Englishman Calcutta’ announcing the discovery of a lake in the vicinity of Almora.
According to the earliest data available on tourist in Nainital by 1847, it had become a popular hill resort. On 3rd October 1850, the Nainital Municipal Board was formally constituted. It was the second Municipal Board of North Western Provinces. To catalyse the formation of a town the administration transferred land to the wealthy Sah community of Almora, on condition that they build houses on the land. In 1862, Nainital became the summer seat of the North Western Provinces. After it was made the summer Capital, a remarkable expansion of the town occurred with the growth of magnificent bungalows all around and construction of facilities such as marketing areas, rest houses, recreation centres ,clubs etc together with the secretariat and other administrative units. It also became an important centre of education for the British who wanted to educate their children in the better air and away from the discomforts of the plains.
 How to reach there
Kathgodam(35 Kms.) away is the last terminus of broad gauge line of North East Railways connecting Nainital with Delhi,Dehradun & Howarah . Haldwani(40 Kms.) & Lalkuwan(56 Kms.) are other railway terminal


           
                                Google Map







                                                                                    Bhimtal


Sattal
Naini Lake


Tea  Garden

RAJ  BHAWAN


Raj Bhawan area is in 220 acres.
Nainital was discovered in the year 1839 by P. Barron an Englishman. He built the first building at Aayar Pada above Mallital bada bazaar. The building now-a-days is known as Pilgrim Lodge. During English rule Governor house was situated up into the hills now known as Old Governor’s House. One can reach by rope-way. There are 7-8 rooms now-a-days used as tourist bungalow. 1880 it is said there was a huge landslide at that location. Approx. 150 people died. Old Governor’s House was destroyed. Then Englishmen started construction of Governor’s House at this very location where we are standing now.
In the year 1897 the construction started and completed in the year 1899. Governor’s House resemble Buckingham Palace, London. The lush green garden, lawns are taken care by Horticulture department, roads, buildings by P.W.D., Forest by Forest Department and Golf Course by Golf Secretary.  people associated with the construction of the Raj Bhawan – C.W. Odling – Chief Engineer, Sir A.P. Macdonnell, H.S. Wildeblood – Executive Engineer written on top of Bhawan.
The trees you are watching is Deodar and other ones are Tilonj as known in Hindi and Oak trees the English word.

The gate of Golf Course to visit. We walk further.
45 acres Golf area established in the year 1926. Eighteen Holes Golf Course is open to associate members, visiting golfers with temporary passes.
Tee, Par 3, Stroke 11, Distance, Hole In One, 1 Bogey – few Golf words I learn during talks with the person present within the Golf-area supervising grass cutting.
If you are visiting Nainital, Raj Bhawan one should visit. It is approx. 3 – 4 km from Naini Lake up into the hills. I prefer walking and suggest if you can walk you should because more you walk up into the hills the scenery is amazing.Golf Course Nainital is currently one of the best maintained courses in the country and the pride of Uttarakhand and is hosting many Golf Championships.





It is one of the most challenging courses in the world where one can enjoy the ethereal beauty of the course with the changing seasons. For draining out the water from the golf course, an undergrounfd tunnel 137.1 m. in length has been constructed in the lowest bopwl of the cours, a marvel of engineering skill.
                                                             Raj Bhawan


 St. Joseph College

Raj Bhawan area is in 220 acres.
Nainital was discovered in the year 1839 by P. Barron an Englishman. He built the first building at Aayar Pada above Mallital bada bazaar. The building now-a-days is known as Pilgrim Lodge. During English rule Governor house was situated up into the hills now known as Old Governor’s House. One can reach by rope-way. There are 7-8 rooms now-a-days used as tourist bungalow. 1880 it is said there was a huge landslide at that location. Approx. 150 people died. Old Governor’s House was destroyed. Then Englishmen started construction of Governor’s House at this very location where we are standing now.
In the year 1897 the construction started and completed in the year 1899. Governor’s House resemble Buckingham Palace, London. The lush green garden, lawns are taken care by Horticulture department, roads, buildings by P.W.D., Forest by Forest Department and Golf Course by Golf Secretary. Jagdish ji showed names of people associated with the construction of the Raj Bhawan – C.W. Odling – Chief Engineer, Sir A.P. Macdonnell, H.S. Wildeblood – Executive Engineer written on top of Bhawan.
The trees you are watching is Deodar and other ones are Tilonj as known in Hindi and Oak trees the English word.
The gate of Golf Course to visit. We walk further.
45 acres Golf area established in the year 1926. Eighteen Holes Golf Course is open to associate members, visiting golfers with temporary passes.
Tee, Par 3, Stroke 11, Distance, Hole In One, 1 Bogey – few Golf words I learn during talks with the person present within the Golf-area supervising grass cutting.
Open All Days
March to April – 8 am to 5 pm
May to August – 8 am to 6 pm
September to October – 8 am to 5 pm
November to December – 8 am to 4 pm
And with that I return. Many many thanks to Jadgish ji.
If you are visiting Nainital, Raj Bhawan one should visit. It is approx. 3 – 4 km from Naini Lake up into the hills. I prefer walking and suggest if you can walk you should because more you walk up into the hills the scenery is amazing.
It is a dream Bhawan that I saw in reality. Thanks to Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam. Thanks a lot.
- See more at: http://www.40kmph.com/raj-bhawan-nainital-uttarakhand/#sthash.zTIeMyJD.dpufs
Thandi Sadak







Sherwood College Play ground
Annual Function of Sherwood College



Girjia Devi Temple Ramnagar




                                                              Corbett Fall
                                                                     Laduagarh Fall















Ramganga River Ramnagar


Ranikhet Golf Ground




Jageshwar Temple Almora

Jageshwar is situated in the north east of Almora city, almost 36 km. away from almora bus station. On the way this journey gives the glimpses of natural beauty and ancient shrines.Some important stations falling on the way to jageshwar are Chitai, Barechhina, Maniagar, Panuwanaula, Artola and Dandeshwar. Jageshwar is kwown as yogeshwar in Skand Puran( Manas Khand). the most charming combination of different trees like cider,burransh,oak etc. give additional beauty to an ancient lord Siva temple complex. Jata ganga is believed as a stream flowing directly from Lord Siva's matted hair passing through The Ganges and reaches Gangasagar.         

 

              Sravan is very holy month for the worship of lord Shiva. The month starts from 17July and ends on 16 August every year. It is believed that lord Shiva himself remains  present for the whole month over here. People living all over India come here during this month to worship lord Shiva. Mondays and Chaturdashi are very special occasions for worship. Lord Shiva is worshiped by making clay statues (Lingas) in the numbers 108 or 1100 so on.        .

 

               People reach here early in the morning for worshipping on foot or by vehicles with their families. At first they visit Brahmakunda ,which is after the name of Lord Brahma. Then they do special Shiva pooja called Parthiv poojan. After doing the worship they take part in the Aarti of Lord Shiva. Then they visit the Mela along with their families. The fair area is about one km. The sweet sellers, fruit sellers, bangles and other ladies item sellers sell things in the tents. Children like to sit in the swings. Mela committee organizes cultural programs and other events every day. Cultural teams of many states come here to perform folk dances. It is nice to see the Jageshwar "shravani mela".


VISIT JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK

Corbett has been a haunt for tourists and wildlife lovers for a long time. Tourism is allowed in selected areas of Corbett Tiger Reserve so that people get an opportunity to see its splendid landscape and the diverse wildlife living here. 

In recent years the number of people coming here has increased dramatically. Presently, every season more than 70,000 visitors come to the park from India and abroad. 





General Information

  • Altitude: 385-1100 m above mean sea level
  • Annual rainfall: 1400-2800 mm.
  • Temperature range: 4°C in winter to 42°C during summer.
 
When to Visit

Corbett remains open to tourists from 15th November to 15th June. The main reason for closure of the Park during the rest of the year is that during the monsoons most of the roads get washed away. Repair work starts after the rains end and it is only by November that roads are back in motorable condition.
 
Getting there

The town of Ramnagar forms the headquarters of Corbett Tiger Reserve. It is well connected to important places by road and rail.

By Road: Ramnagar is connected by road to Delhi, Moradabad, Bareilly and Naintial. State transport buses ply regularly from Delhi, Moradabad, Haldwani to Ramnagar. The approach routes are:

Delhi-Gajrola-Moradabad-Kashipur-Ramnagar       (240 km)
Bareilly-Kichha-Haldwani-Ramnagar                        (160 km)

By Rail: A direct train to Ramnagar runs from New Delhi. Alternatively, one can come upto Haldwani/Kashipur/Kathgodam and come to Ramnagar by road.
 
Tourism zones

For the convenience of visitors and streamlining tourism management Corbett Tiger Reserve has been divided into five mutually exclusive tourism zones, each having separate gate for entry.
 
Tourism zone
Gate
Bijrani
Amadanda
Dhikala
Dhangari
Jhirna
Khara, Kalagarh
Domunda
Durgadevi
Sonanadi
Vatanvasa




FACILITIES for visitors at corbett

Food and Canteen

Canteens are located at Dhikala, Gairal and Bijrani. However, at other places where this facility is not available cooking utensils and crockery are have been provided for visitors to carry their rations and cook their own their own meals. Consumption of non-vegetarian food and alcohol is strictly prohibited inside the park.



Interpretive Facilities and Services

For the purpose of directing visitors and showing them around Corbett, trained Nature Guides are available at their service. These registered guides help tourists spot wildlife and make sure that they do not lose their way inside the forest. Taking a Nature Guide with each vehicle is compulsory.



The authorities at Corbett Tiger Reserve have maintained a Visitor Centre and Museum at Dhangarhi Gate. This complex is equipped with displays, exhibits and models for the benefit of visitors to orient them and enable them to understand the history and biodiversity of Corbett. This facility is accessible to everyone, even if they don’t go inside the park, and remains open throughout the year. 

 

Elephant rides are offered at Dhikala, Khinanauli, Bijrani, Gairal and Jhirna during mornings and evening so that tourists can get a closer view of the jungle, its wildlife, and landscape.


There are
watchtowers at Dhikala, Phulai and Jhirna, and several machans near Dhikala, Bijrani and kothirauKothirau to facilitate the viewing of wildlife. 


During evenings the lodgers at Dhikala and Bijrani can enjoy films on wildlife that are screened to provide an educative entertainment to visitors.


Dhikala also has a well-stocked library, which has a fine collection of books concerning wildlife and general topics. 

PERMIT & RESERVATION 

Permits are necessary for entering Corbett Tiger Reserve. For day visits permits are obtained at the respective Entry Gates. However permits for night halts are issued at the CTR Reception Office at Ramnagar.
Day visits to Dhikala Tourism zone are not permitted except in conducted safari organized by Corbett Tiger Reserve. Only visitors who have prior accommodation reserved can enter Dhikala Zone.

Accommodation
For night halts three tourist complexes located at Dhikala, Gairal and Bijrani offer a choice of accommodation type. Dhikala has the maximum bed capacity including a dormitory. Basic lodging is available for tourists at other Forest Rest Houses at Malani, Sultan, Gairal, Sarpduli, Khinanauli, Kanda and Jhirna. Visitors can also stay at the Forest Rest Houses at Lohachaur, Rathuadhab, Halduparao, Mundiapani, Morghatti, Sendhikhal and Dhela.


















































Raj Bhawan area is in 220 acres.
Nainital was discovered in the year 1839 by P. Barron an Englishman. He built the first building at Aayar Pada above Mallital bada bazaar. The building now-a-days is known as Pilgrim Lodge. During English rule Governor house was situated up into the hills now known as Old Governor’s House. One can reach by rope-way. There are 7-8 rooms now-a-days used as tourist bungalow. 1880 it is said there was a huge landslide at that location. Approx. 150 people died. Old Governor’s House was destroyed. Then Englishmen started construction of Governor’s House at this very location where we are standing now.
In the year 1897 the construction started and completed in the year 1899. Governor’s House resemble Buckingham Palace, London. The lush green garden, lawns are taken care by Horticulture department, roads, buildings by P.W.D., Forest by Forest Department and Golf Course by Golf Secretary. Jagdish ji showed names of people associated with the construction of the Raj Bhawan – C.W. Odling – Chief Engineer, Sir A.P. Macdonnell, H.S. Wildeblood – Executive Engineer written on top of Bhawan.
The trees you are watching is Deodar and other ones are Tilonj as known in Hindi and Oak trees the English word.
The gate of Golf Course to visit. We walk further.
45 acres Golf area established in the year 1926. Eighteen Holes Golf Course is open to associate members, visiting golfers with temporary passes.
Tee, Par 3, Stroke 11, Distance, Hole In One, 1 Bogey – few Golf words I learn during talks with the person present within the Golf-area supervising grass cutting.
Open All Days
March to April – 8 am to 5 pm
May to August – 8 am to 6 pm
September to October – 8 am to 5 pm
November to December – 8 am to 4 pm
And with that I return. Many many thanks to Jadgish ji.
If you are visiting Nainital, Raj Bhawan one should visit. It is approx. 3 – 4 km from Naini Lake up into the hills. I prefer walking and suggest if you can walk you should because more you walk up into the hills the scenery is amazing.
It is a dream Bhawan that I saw in reality. Thanks to Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam. Thanks a lot.
- See more at: http://www.40kmph.com/raj-bhawan-nainital-uttarakhand/#sthash.zTIeMyJD.dpuf
Raj Bhawan area is in 220 acres.
Nainital was discovered in the year 1839 by P. Barron an Englishman. He built the first building at Aayar Pada above Mallital bada bazaar. The building now-a-days is known as Pilgrim Lodge. During English rule Governor house was situated up into the hills now known as Old Governor’s House. One can reach by rope-way. There are 7-8 rooms now-a-days used as tourist bungalow. 1880 it is said there was a huge landslide at that location. Approx. 150 people died. Old Governor’s House was destroyed. Then Englishmen started construction of Governor’s House at this very location where we are standing now.
In the year 1897 the construction started and completed in the year 1899. Governor’s House resemble Buckingham Palace, London. The lush green garden, lawns are taken care by Horticulture department, roads, buildings by P.W.D., Forest by Forest Department and Golf Course by Golf Secretary. Jagdish ji showed names of people associated with the construction of the Raj Bhawan – C.W. Odling – Chief Engineer, Sir A.P. Macdonnell, H.S. Wildeblood – Executive Engineer written on top of Bhawan.
The trees you are watching is Deodar and other ones are Tilonj as known in Hindi and Oak trees the English word.
The gate of Golf Course to visit. We walk further.
45 acres Golf area established in the year 1926. Eighteen Holes Golf Course is open to associate members, visiting golfers with temporary passes.
Tee, Par 3, Stroke 11, Distance, Hole In One, 1 Bogey – few Golf words I learn during talks with the person present within the Golf-area supervising grass cutting.
Open All Days
March to April – 8 am to 5 pm
May to August – 8 am to 6 pm
September to October – 8 am to 5 pm
November to December – 8 am to 4 pm
And with that I return. Many many thanks to Jadgish ji.
If you are visiting Nainital, Raj Bhawan one should visit. It is approx. 3 – 4 km from Naini Lake up into the hills. I prefer walking and suggest if you can walk you should because more you walk up into the hills the scenery is amazing.
It is a dream Bhawan that I saw in reality. Thanks to Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam. Thanks a lot.
- See more at: http://www.40kmph.com/raj-bhawan-nainital-uttarakhand/#sthash.zTIeMyJD.dpuf
Raj Bhawan area is in 220 acres.
Nainital was discovered in the year 1839 by P. Barron an Englishman. He built the first building at Aayar Pada above Mallital bada bazaar. The building now-a-days is known as Pilgrim Lodge. During English rule Governor house was situated up into the hills now known as Old Governor’s House. One can reach by rope-way. There are 7-8 rooms now-a-days used as tourist bungalow. 1880 it is said there was a huge landslide at that location. Approx. 150 people died. Old Governor’s House was destroyed. Then Englishmen started construction of Governor’s House at this very location where we are standing now.
In the year 1897 the construction started and completed in the year 1899. Governor’s House resemble Buckingham Palace, London. The lush green garden, lawns are taken care by Horticulture department, roads, buildings by P.W.D., Forest by Forest Department and Golf Course by Golf Secretary. Jagdish ji showed names of people associated with the construction of the Raj Bhawan – C.W. Odling – Chief Engineer, Sir A.P. Macdonnell, H.S. Wildeblood – Executive Engineer written on top of Bhawan.
The trees you are watching is Deodar and other ones are Tilonj as known in Hindi and Oak trees the English word.
The gate of Golf Course to visit. We walk further.
45 acres Golf area established in the year 1926. Eighteen Holes Golf Course is open to associate members, visiting golfers with temporary passes.
- See more at: http://www.40kmph.com/raj-bhawan-nainital-uttarakhand/#sthash.zTIeMyJD.dpuf

Saturday, 6 July 2013

PUSKAR, RAJASTHAN


Famous Brahma Temple in Puskar Rajasthan

Famous Brahma Temple in Puskar Rajasthan
Puskar is famous for the world famous Brahma Temple. The Brahma Temple was built in the 14th century near the bank of Pushkar Lake. One more interesting thing of the Temple is, it is the only one Brahma Temple in all over the world. Two goose are standing on the both side of the Famous Brahma Temple. The goose are the official carrier of Lord Brahma. The steps of the temple are made by white Marbles. There is a silver turtle lies embossed in the floor facing sanctorum. There is an another interesting thing that is the coins studded in the floor, placed by devotees to commemorate the births and deaths of their loved ones. Brahma Temple in Puskar Rajasthan There is also many Paintings are created on the walls that are images of the peacock - the vehicle of Brahma's consort Saraswati on the walls. The statue of Lord Brahma is shown in a life-size form with four hand and four faces, facing four different directions. The statue of Lord Brahma is in a sitting position. It is a beautiful temple across Rajasthan as well as across the World.














HOW TO REACH THERE 

Reaching Pushkar is not at all a problem. You can find here the nearest airport at Sanganer which is about 130 kms from the city of the Pushkar. You can also take the help of Jaipur airport which is connected to the metro cities like Mumbai and Delhi. You can reach Pushkar by train also as the nearest railway station is at Ajmer and it is just 11 kms from Pushkar. Even for bus also you have to come to Ajmer. You can also take the help of taxis.

Best time to visit Pushkar is from October to March as the summers are very hot here.

              






Pushkar is a sacred little town in Rajasthan and it is located just 11 km from Ajmer. This place is very much famous for its scenic beauty and also for temples as it has more than 400 temples. Pushkar is associated with numbers of tourist destinations like Pushkar lake, Brahma temple etc. Pushkar is also famous for its annual Pushkar Fair which held every year in Oct-Nov. There are many attractive destinations which include:

Pushkar Lake:  it is the most famous tourist attraction in the Pushkar which is a holy town for Hindus. It has 52 lovely ghats which looks very beautiful as the shape of this lake is semi circular. Usually devotees take a dip in this lake especially on the occasion of Karthik Poornima.

Brahma Temple: this is the only temple which is dedicated to Lord Brahma. It is the belief of the people that Lord Brahma was the creator of the Universe. So people have great faith in this temple.  Here you will see the four-headed idol of Brahma which is made from the beautiful marble and also decorated with silver coins.

Varaha Temple: this temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and it is one of the most sacred temples in Pushkar. Here you will see the image of Lord Vishnu in the form of wild boar.

Apteshwar Temple: this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is a very old temple which was built in 12th century.

Savitri Temple: this temple is dedicated to goddess Savitri who was the first wife of the Lord Brahma. This temple is the second most important temple in Pushkar. It is located on the hill top, just behind the Brahma temple and also provide the beautiful view of the Pushkar lake and the near by sand dunes.











                          


 

MADURAI, TAMIL NADU

 

 

 

History of Madurai

It is narrated in legend that Madurai was originally a forest known as Kadambavanam. One day, a farmer named Dhananjaya who was passing through the forest, saw Indra (The king of the gods), worshipping a swayambhu (self created Lingam ) under kadamba tree. Dhananjaya, the farmer immediately reported this to King Kulasekara Pandya. Kulasekara Pandya cleared the forest and built a temple around the Lingam. A city was soon planned with the temple as its centre. On the day the city was to be named, Lord Shiva is said to have appeared and drops of nectar from his hair fell on the town. So, the place was named Madurai - mathuram meaning "sweetness" in Tamil. 

Madurai has a rich historical background in the sense that Lord Shiva himself performed sixty-four wonders called "Thiruvilaiyadals". 

As early as the 3rd century BC, Megasthanes visited Madurai. Later many people from Rome and Greece visited Madurai and established trade with the Pandya kings. Madurai flourished till 10th century AD when it was captured by Cholas the arch rivals of the Pandyas. 


The Cholas ruled Madurai from 920 AD till the beginning of the 13th century. In 1223 AD Pandyas regained their kingdom and once again become prosperous. Pandian Kings patronised Tamil language in a great way. During their period, many master-pieces were created. "Silapathikaram", the great epic in Tamil was written based on the story of Kannagi who burnt Madurai as a result of the injustice caused to her husband Kovalan. In April 1311, Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khilji who was then the ruler of Delhi, reached Madurai and raided and robbed the city for precious stones, jewels, and other rare treasures. This led to the subsequent raids by other Muslim Sultans. In 1323, the Pandya kingdom including Madurai became a province of the Delhi empire, under the Tughlaks.


The 1371, the Vijayanagar dynasty of Hampi captured Madurai and Madurai became part of the Vijayanagar empire. Kings of this dynasty were in habit of leaving the captured land to governors called Nayaks. This was done for the efficient management of their empire. The Nayaks paid fixed amount annually to the Vijayanagar empire. After the death of Krishna Deva Raya (King of Vijayanagar empire) in 1530 AD, the Nayaks became independent and ruled the territories under their control. Among Nayaks, Thirumalai Nayak (1623-1659) was very popular, even now he is popular among people, since, it was he who contributed to the creation of many magnificent structures in and around Madurai. The Raja Gopuram of the Meenakshi Amman Temple, The Pudu Mandapam and The Thirumalai Nayakar's Palace are living monuments to his artistic fervor. 


Madurai started slipping into the hands of the British's East India Company. In 1781, British appointed their representatives to look after Madurai. George Procter was the first collector of Madurai.

Now after India's independence, Madurai is one of the major districts of Tamilnadu State. In 1984, the Vast Madurai district was bifurcated into two districts namely Madurai and Dindugul Districts. Subsequently in 1997, Madurai district was bifurcated into two districts namely Madurai and Theni Districts. In Madurai District, there are 10 State Assembly constituencies and two parliament constituencies.

Madurai is surrounded by several mountains. The Madurai city has 3 hills as its city boundary. Yanaimalai, Nagamalai, Pasumalai named after Elephant, Snake and Cow respectively. It is famous for Jasmine Flowers. Jasmine flowers are transported to other cities of India from Madurai.





HISTORY OF MEENAKSHI TEMPLE 

Meenakshi Amman Temple (Other names : Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple or Tiru-aalavaai  or Meenakshi Amman Kovil) is a historic Hindu temple located in the southern bank of river Vaigai in the temple city of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is dedicated to Parvati who is known as Meenakshi and her consort, Shiva, named here as Sundareswarar. The temple forms the heart and lifeline of the 2500 year old city of Madurai. The complex houses 14 gateway towers called gopurams, ranging from 45-50m in height, the tallest being the southern tower, 51.9 metres (170 ft) high, and two golden sculptured vimana, the shrine over sanctum of the main deities. The temple is a significant symbol for the Tamil people, and has been mentioned since antiquity in Tamil literature, though the present structure is built during 1623 to 1655 CE The temple attracts 15,000 visitors a day, around 25,000 during Fridays and gets an annual revenue of sixty millionINR. There is an estimated 33,000 sculptures in the temple and it was in the list of top 30 nominees of the "New Seven Wonders of the World". The annual 10 day Meenakshi Tirukalyanam festival celebrated during April–May attracts 1 million visitors.